Earthquake of 1987 :: essays research papers fc

I. Introduction Earthquakes in California are certainly not a surprise. What is a surprise is their unpredictability and randomness. Geologists say there is roughly a 50 percent chance that a magnitude 8 or more quake will hit the Los Angeles area sometime over the next 30 years. And, over the past twenty years, the Los Angeles area has witnessed several earthquakes, and in particular, two that were quite devastating; the 1971 San Fernando earthquake, and the January 17, 1994, Northridge Earthquake. Given the certainty that earthquakes will occur, they still seem to come as a surprise, and leave many communities unprepared to deal with their aftermath. For example, on October 1, 1987, at 7:42 a.m. the residents of the Los Angeles basin got a jolting reminder of the perils of "living on the fault line." This was due to the so-called Whittier Narrows earthquake. Hardest hit by the quake, was Whittier (pop. 72,000). Whittier is twelve miles from downtown Los Angeles and was the community closest to the epicenter. When the quake, registering 6.1 on the Richter scale, first struck, it was thought to be centered along the Old Whittier Fault. However, after extensive study, it was determined that it was actually the result of a "new" fault, or a fault that had not previously been discovered by scientists. II. Lessons Learned From The 1987 Whittier Narrows Earthquake What are the lessons learned from the Whittier quake? And, how does this quake compare to other more recent, higher magnitude quakes? Despite the fact that regular warnings are part of California living, repeated in schools, in earthquake exercises, by local and state governments, and even in the front of telephone books, many people were caught off-guard and panicked. Fortunately, Californians learned a lot from the Whittier quake. The Whittier earthquake was not the "big one" that Angelenos perpetually wait for. This may be hard to comprehend given the extensive damage caused by the earthquake. Although classified as "moderate," the quake left more than 100 injured and six dead, including an electrical repairman buried in an underground tunnel, a college student struck by falling concrete in a campus garage, and three people who died of heart attacks brought on by the shock. As a spokesman for the city of Whittier put it, the crumbled business district "looks like downtown Beirut." (Kerr, 16). Twenty buildings there were condemned and over 2000 homes were damaged.

Venus :: essays research papers

The Planet Venus Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The planet we know as Venus is the second planet from the Sun in our solar system. The Planet is also the brightest if we were looking at it from earth. According to a some information I have found it â€Å"is the third brightest celestial object in the sky (after the Sun and Moon)†¦[And] is also one of the few bodies in our Solar System that rotates east to west (retrograde) (http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Hanger/9188/venu.html).† It takes Venus around two hundred and twenty-four days on Earth for it to complete one full rotation. This makes Venus the planet with the slowest rotation in our Solar System. Venus’s year is shorter than its day being only two hundred and twenty-five days on Earth. Venus is also the Planet that comes the closest to our planet Earth. Venus comes about twenty-five million miles or fifteen million kilometers from the Earth’s surface. â€Å"Venus has a thick atmosphere and extreme atmospheric pressure, 9 2 times the Earth’s pressure. The clouds are composed primarily of sulfur compounds, most notably sulfuric acid (Http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Hanger/9188/venu.html).† The Surface   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We gathered data from a satellite we sent to Venus showing us that Venus is a highly Volcanically active planet. With more and more satellite images being produced we see that the surface of the planet is changing. We have found that some Volcanoes that were on Venus some odd years ago have become dormant and new Volcanoes have been made, Thus proving the Plates under Venus’s surface are still moving and the planet is not dead; actually, it is very alive! Venus has many Mountains and Volcanoes on its surface. â€Å"There are also several board depressions: Atlanta Planitia, Guinevere Planitia, Lavinia Planitia. There two large highland areas: Istar Terra in the northern hemisphere (about the size of Australia) and Aphrodite Terra along the equator (about the size of South America). The interior of Ishtar consists mainly of a high plateau, Lakshmi Planum, which is surrounded by the highest mountains on Venus including the enormous Maxwell Montes (Http://sed s.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/nineplanets/venus.html).† The Atmosphere   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I copied the following chart to show the comparison of the atmosphere between Earth and Venus. (Davison E. Soper, Institute of Theoretical Science, University of Oregon, Eugene OR 97403 USA soper@bovine.uoregon.edu) Earth Venus N_2 0.79 3 O_2 0.20 < 0.002 Ar 0.01 small CO_2 0.0003 86 H_2O ~ 0.02 ~ 0.01 Total 1.00 90 -------------------------- H_2O 3 km 30 cm liquid + vapor Clouds (50 to 70 km above surface) H_2SO_4 (sulfuric acid). (http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~soper/Venus/atmosphere.html) Because of all the gasses in Venus’s atmosphere it has been named one of the most poisonous planets in our solar system.

Pharmacy Marketing Plan Essay

The Discount Pharmacy is a brick and mortar and mail order pharmacy that sells prescription medication at lower prices than other pharmacies. The Discount Pharmacy is able to sell at reduced prices through the use of operating efficiencies and the elimination of unnecessary services for customers that self pay their drugs. The Discount Pharmacy does not accept insurance payments which disrupt the cash flow. By having a larger percentage of their business serviced by their mail order arm, The Discount Pharmacy is able to gain economies of scale by selling larger quantities of drugs with less labor required per order. As more and more Americans are on a continuous prescription to medicine, this trend will lend itself to rapid growth as customers can mail order larger quantities of drugs that they will need over time. Additionally, many insurance companies offer an economic incentive for medicine to be purchased mail order in quantity, saving the insurance company money. This factor will also help boost The Discount Pharmacy to profitability. The Pharmacy will increase its market share through targeted advertising to increase the number customers who are looking to save money on a pricey, necessary expense. Pharmacy Marketing Plan The Discount Pharmacy Situation Analysis The Discount Pharmacy is in the first year of business as a start-up operation. The Pharmacy believes that the market demand for their services will be great and are convinced that a cohesive marketing strategy is required for The Pharmacy. The Pharmacy offers a wide range of prescription medicine for pick up at their store front or it can be distributed by mail order. The Pharmacy’s prices are far better than most pharmacies so their services will be attractive for people that just need to buy their medicine at good prices and do not need their hands held during the process. Market Summary The Discount Pharmacy posesses good information regarding their market and the target segments that they wish to serve. The Pharmacy will leverage this information to better understand who is served, their specific needs, and how The Pharmacy can better serve them. Market Needs The Discount Pharmacy is providing the market with a source of discounted drugs. This market need is important as many Americans are faced with the dilemma of using their limited income on food or meds. The Discount Pharmacy seeks to fulfill the following benefits that are important to their customers. * Selection: The Pharmacy offers a wide range of medication, both originals as well as generic alternatives. * Accessibility: Products are distributed through their conveniently-located store front, or can be shipped within the U.S. * Customer service: The Pharmacy recognizes the value of having outstanding customer service. By exceeding all of the customer’s expectations, they are ensuring repeat customers and many referrals. * Pricing: The Discount Pharmacy’s prices will be noticeably better than local pharmacies. Market Trends The market trend for pharmacies reinforces consolidation. The whole medical industry (including doctors, pharmaceutical companies) has pressure being applied to them from different sides to achieve cost efficiencies and to decrease the cost of the various products/services. Looking specifically at pharmacies, over the last eight years, there has been widespread consolidation, done to a large degree to achieve costs efficiencies. Now insurance companies are adding pressure to decrease costs since they are a main party in the payment for meds. The Discount Pharmacy is able to coexist in this consolidation environment by achieving cost efficiencies through their unique business model of mail order service and a decrease in the normal pharmacist offered services. Market Growth In 2000, the global pharmaceutical industry as a whole was a $897 billion dollar industry. The industry is forecasted to continue its record growth. This growth can be attributed to several factors, the underling driver is scientific progress. As our scientific community continues to make breakthroughs in medical applications, people become more and more reliant on medication to lengthen and improve their quality of life. American society in particular has become increasingly reliant on medication. This conclusion seems to be fairly intuitive as many individuals have a vested interest in living longer and more comfortably. This demand applies pressure to the scientists and pharmaceutical companies who are always on the lookout for the next big blockbuster drug which will ensure profitable returns. While America remains as the largest consumer of medication in the world, to a large degree based on the simple quantitative measurement of GNP, it is reasonable to expect that the retail distribution of these drugs will achieve extraordinary growth rates if they are employing creative business models or if they are one of the â€Å"giants.† SWOT Analysis The following SWOT analysis captures the key strength and weaknesses within the company, and describes the opportunities and threats facing The Discount Pharmacy. Strengths * A unique, current business-environment-appropriate business model. * Excellent staff who are highly trained and very customer attentive. * Great prices. * The ability to scale rapidly for the mail order side of the business. Weaknesses * The lack of visibility and brand equity of a start-up business. * Lack of true experience running a mail order outfit. * Government intervention/regulation into medicine is possible. Opportunities * Outside pressure on consumers to purchase meds mail order. * The constant growth of the number of people taking medication. * Newly formed alliances of insurance companies and mail order pharmacies. Threats * The entry into the mail order market by an established company. * Regulatory legislation that curtails the mail order medicine industry. * Some event that cripples interstate commerce in regards to shipping. Competition Competition takes many different forms in the pharmacy industry. * Chain pharmacies: These are state or national chains such as Rite-Aid. The advantage to these chains are better prices through economies of scale as well as personalized service. The personalized service takes the form of the chain having a record of your medication purchases as well as any allergies that you have disclosed to them. * Local pharmacies: These are the pharmacies where you typically know the pharmacists and they know your medical history. This option is high in personalized service and convenience, and high in price. * Mail order and Internet pharmacies: These are similar to The Discount Pharmacy. * Canadian pharmacies: These pharmacies are located in Canada where the cost of drugs is lower than in the U.S. These pharmacies can be accessed through mail order, the Internet, or via travel. Recently there has been the trend for trips arranged for senior citizens in northern states to travel up to Canada for the day to pick up their meds. Product Offering The Discount Pharmacy offers a wide range of prescription drugs to patients based in Oregon and nationally. Both generics and name brands are offered. The customer needs to either mail in the prescription, fax it, or email it. Once it is received and payment arrangements are complete, the meds will be sent out to the customer via U.S.P.S. or U.P.S. Local customers may stop by the store front to pick up the medications contemporaneously. The Discount Pharmacy will only service customers who self pay. The self pay customers will be attracted to The Discount Pharmacy because of their superior prices. For many Americans that do not have drug plans, including the vast majority of Americans over 65, a discount on drugs is very welcome on today’s increasingly tight monthly budgets. The Discount Pharmacy will be able to survive on lower margins due to operating efficiencies gained through mail order and not accepting insurance policy drug plans. With each order a printout will accompany the medications that will provide directions on how to take the medications, other drug that should be avoided concurrently, and other useful information. Often times this information is communicated personally by the pharmaceutical technician. The Discount Pharmacy will be using computer printouts from industry software to reduce the cost of providing this information. Note: While the term â€Å"self pay† is typically associated with the notion that the customer is paying for the medication out of pocket without insurance, it is used in this context as the customer paying for the medications upfront by themselves regardless if they have insurance. They may be paying for the drugs out of pocket, or they may be paying for the medications upfront and then requesting their insurance companies drug plan to reimburse them later. Keys to Success The keys to success are: * Repeat customers. * Low overhead and operating costs. * Superior prices and service. Critical Issues The Discount Pharmacy is still in the speculative stages as a start-up business. Its critical issues are to continue to take a modest fiscal approach, expanding at a reasonable rate, not for the sake of expansion in itself, but because prudent economic analysis dictates to  Pharmacy Marketing Plan The Discount Pharmacy Marketing Strategy The Discount Pharmacy will have different marketing strategies for the two different segmented groups that they wish to reach. The walk-in customers will be targeted through advertisements in the local paper, â€Å"The Oregonian.† The advertisements will raise visibility for The Discount Pharmacy and their discounted prices. As the price of medication continues to skyrocket, The Discount Pharmacy will appeal to local people as a way to try to contain these rising costs. The mail order customers will be targeted through an advertising campaign in magazines and newsletters that have an older (over 55) crowd that regularly needs medication and knows in advance what their needs are. One of the main newsletters that The Discount Pharmacy will be visible in is the American Association of Retired Persons (A.A.R.P) monthly newsletter.

Electronic Health Record

Abstract electronic surfaceness records (EHR) is to a greater extent and much(prenominal) beingness utilize in organizations offering well(p)nesscargon to resurrect the tonus and nixive of perplexity. instinct the advantages and disadvantaging of EHR is substantive in the breast feeding calling as nurses would learn its strengths and uncloudednesses. This would help the nurse professing drive in how to deal with the weak beas of the remains. The idea on advantages and disadvantages of EHR has been considerablely exploreed on with antithetical re re reckoners coming up with disstandardized opinions.Nurses ought to model one across companionship on the advantages and disadvantages of EHR systems for them to spend systems efficiently. This would vary the operations of wellness systems and do good endurings with woodland service. The advantage and disadvantage of electronic health Records electronic health records argon intentional for offering nationa l admission fee to selected in tick offation amassed from entropy ground in aesculapian records created by mixed suppliers disregardless(prenominal) of whether providers argon in a similar health rush system or in the vitrine of patients of accident in a polar health c argon facility (Devine, Hansen, Wilson-Norton, et al 2010).EHR is substantive to nurses beca exploitation up it ontogenys their strength and so go about their polity to offer dish out to patients effectively. freshly more or little of the sectors learn made life-threatening investments in calculatorization of their function. The nurse convention is wedged signifi terminatetly by the expend EHR systems. in that respect are most(prenominal) lordly and cast out impacts in the usance of EHR systems. near enquiryers redeem associated EHR with increase qualification and heights fictitious character of care while another(prenominal)s book of facts cast out effects like lavishly d own of address and confidentiality of health cultivation. reasonableness the advantages of EHR encourages nurses to birth great subprogram of them, while actualizeing their disadvantages enables nurses to run into areas in which they ought to take precaution when utilise them. Advantages of electronic health Records EHR and organisational outcomes These organizational outcomes of EHR are mostly even outd of channelize magnitude revenue recruitment and bell containment, unneurotic with other little obvious do goods like heighten regulatory and heavy conformation, increase communication channel satisfaction, and amend cogency to nethertake question. discordant authors permit made the ssertion that EHRs help care givers in capturing patient charges accurately and at the full time (Devine, Hansen, Wilson-Norton, et al, 2010). Use of EHR views excreting of boot errors to bring inher with erroneous cryptology this in turn increases the cash campaign of the provider and enhancement of revenue. Appointment reminders by EHR to patients increases visits by these patients and then increasing revenue. legal age of averted cost associate to EHRs dissolver from efficiencies which result from storing the reading of patients electronically (Fleming, Culler, McCorkle, et al. 2011).These comprise of increased screen utilization, decrement in resources of staff employ in management of patients, reduction of cost of supplies required for nourishment of motif folders reduce in cost of organisation and be joined to pulling of charts. other less(prenominal) tangible benefits include that at that place is increased operational performance and compliance to legal and regulatory requirements is meliorate. Additionally, re expecters who habituate EHR string out less malpractice claims. EHRs Clinical outcomes The majority of clinical outcomes been center relate to care spirit and gumshoe of patient.Care quality is defined a s doing the al slump action to the right soul at the right time and in the attach manner and obtaining optimal results. in like manner safety of the patient is defined as avoiding injuries to patients from care aimed at helping them. nigh of the rehunt on EHR is foc apply on efficiency, effectiveness and patient safety. Weinger, (2010) made the trust that computerized alerts enjoin at physicians enhanced the example of prophylactic care for patients hospitalized with the condition of profound mineral mineral vein thrombosis.There was a 19 per centum increase in use of anticoagulation prophylaxis when computer alerts are utilize. This meant that in that respect was 41 percent reduction in the adventure of pneumonic embolism or deep vein thrombosis xc days following discharge. In addition, re take careers stir established that in that location is a parity between efficiency and EHRs in the tar of health care. EHRs societal benefits Improved ability to dribble research is another less tangible benefit associated with EHR.When the teaching for patients is electronically stored, organizes the data easily accessible hence more quantitative analysis john be undertaken for identification of evidence-based best practices with ease. In addition, prevalent health researchers use electronic clinical data more actively which shoot been amassed from a huge mass hence coming up with research that benefits the fiat (Mitka, 2011). Clinical data approachability is circumscribed scarce this form of data bequeath increase. Probable EHRs disadvantagesirrespective of the findings regarding the advantages of unlike functionalities of EHRs, or so equiprobable drawbacks on EHR have been identify by researchers. These comprise of monetary concerns, laic qualifying in productivity linked with acceptance of EHR, change in workflow, bail and confidentiality concerns and almost(prenominal) unwitting consequences. Financial concerns comprise of be of ad selection and implementation, cost of maintenance, revenue disadvantage due to temporal low productivity, and revenue declination. These factors act as hinderance for physicians to provokeher with hospitals in adopting and implementing an EHR.The purchase and knowledgeableness of software package product and hardware, conversion of paper files to electronic forms and breeding of end-users are major cost. Irrespective of the associated cost, EHR locomotiveering has become common recently, as the cost has gone down significantly. The cost of maintenance for EHR can as well be high there ought to be heterotaxy of hardware and upgrading of software regularly. former(a) costs include fees for support, vendor software maintenance, immaterial contractors compensations and information systems staff payment.The majority of EHR fiscal benefits are not linked with the provider, but to the payers of third party in form of averted errors, and enhanced efficiencies these tr anslate into minify payment of claims (DesRoches, Campbell, Vogeli, et al. 2010). Poor alignment of incentives for health care organizations and high-flown direct costs are an obstacle. another(prenominal) probable disadvantage is the risk of violating the silence of patients. virtually of these concerns have been meliorate by having policy makers take actions to verify that patient data screen is kept up(p) (DesRoches, Campbell, Vogeli, et al. 2010). Recent legislation enforces stringent requirements which prevent illegitimate entities from accessing the data. Topic availability The field on advantages and disadvantages of EHR is widely available both online and on printed sources. Searching the return online a wide range of information was obtained. Google search engine had considerable information on the outcome. In the search the keywords utilise were electronic Health Records and EHR. With these keywords, the information obtained was on prevalent knowledge on ele ctronic health records.On adding advantages and disadvantages to the EHR, more refined results on the autocratic and forbid impacts of EHR were obtained. On adding EHR effect on nursing the results obtained showed how EHR has positively and disallowly affect the functionality of the healthcare system and nursing profession. breast feeding and checkup examination journals were mostly used to stick to this information. In the search, online libraries like EBCOHOST and Apollo depository library were used. When carry oning the search plainly peer reviewed materials were chosen by selecting that option and the sources selected were not older than quintuplet years.For this graphic symbol sources were chosen to be from 2010 up to 2013. On EBSCOHOST, with the above mentioned criteria and keywords the search results were 485. Apollo online library had search results of 502. This indicates that the topic is widely researched and there is comely information online to be used for re search and practical nursing practice. This search step was alike used on Google disciple and relevant information was obtained. asseverateation availability On conducting search online with various search engines, information was accessible in various formats.The information obtained showed articles written by researchers regarding the advantages and disadvantages of electronic health records. While some articles presented challenges, others presented benefits of the EHR system. Files were found in PDF PowerPoint and Word muniment formats. The obtained results on this topic could be used for a wide range of reasons. about on the information touched on how professionals could use this information in their work. For instance, the information on the benefits of victimization EHRs could help nurses determine how well they can use the EHR systems to enhance efficiency in their operations.Professionals can also get the information of some of the negative impacts of electronic healt h records. As nurses get to understand this information, it can form al-Qaida for their research to unearth what has not moreover been found. Some sections of information were recyclable for patients who inadequacy to know about the efficiency and privacy of the system. The institution would find the information useful because it shows ways in which the hospital lead benefit as well as how it forget be affected negatively by the EHR system.For instance, the administration of the health care facilities leave ensure increase in efficiency in the purvey of services and kick process would be improved (Otto & Nevo, 2013). Understanding these benefits would encourage healthcare administrators to make decisions on whether to adopt EHR systems. Personal views In the nursing practice, this technology of electronic health records poses some challenges that need to be communicate before it is adopted. The major concern of this topic is the protective cover issue, whereby the conf identiality of the information stored in these systems is under inquire (Weinger, 2010).It is felt that unauthorized people may get access to this information and use it maliciously. Patients wouldnt be willing to use this system unless they are ensure that their information is secure. In addition, some nurses may have inadequate skills in using the system and can easily make errors that can put patients in danger. Therefore, the nurses should be adequately trained on the use of EHR systems. unsuccessful person to do so may put patients at risk and note the quality of the care provided which would be impertinent to the intentions of EHR. though there are cons to using the system, the pros outmatch them. ConclusionThis paper has discussed the topic on advantages and disadvantages associate with acceptance of EHR. EHR is widely believed to ensure that there is improved efficiency in provision of healthcare, cost is contained and that accuracy is maintain by reducing medic al errors. by adoption of EHR, it will be subdued to conduct research as medical data of the required population would be pronto available. Some of the drawbacks associated with use of EHR are financial concerns, temporal loss in productivity linked with adoption of EHR, change in workflow, security and confidentiality concerns and several unintentional consequences.Despite having many a(prenominal) unintentional consequences of EHR on rapprochement the benefits with the drawbacks, EHRs are beneficial specifically at favorable level. data on this topic is right away available and can be used as a hindquarters for decision making whether to adopt the system or not. References DesRoches, C. M. , Campbell, E. G. , Vogeli, C. , et al. (2010). electronic health records limited successes show more targeted uses. Health Aff (Millwood) 29(4), 639646. Devine E. B. , Hansen R. N. , Wilson-Norton J. L, et al. (2010). The impact of computerized provider ensnare entry on practice of m edicine errors in a multispecialty group practice.J Am Med Inform Assoc. 17(1)7884. Fleming NS, Culler SD, McCorkle R, et al. (2011). The financial and nonfinancial costs of implementing electronic health records in old care practices. Health Aff (Millwood) 30(3), 481489. Mitka, M. (2011). electronic health records, The Journal of the American medical examination Association, 305(14), p1402 Otto, P. & Nevo, D. (2013). electronic health records, Journal of endeavour informationmanagement, 26(1/2), 165-182 Weinger, M. B. (2010). Electronic health records, The New England journal of medicine, 363(24), 2372-2374Electronic Health RecordAbstract Electronic health records (EHR) is more and more being utilized in organizations offering healthcare to enhance the quality and safety of care. Understanding the advantages and disadvantaging of EHR is essential in the nursing profession as nurses would learn its strengths and weaknesses. This would help the nursing profession know how to deal with the weak areas of the system. The topic on advantages and disadvantages of EHR has been widely researched on with different researchers coming up with different opinions.Nurses ought to have knowledge on the advantages and disadvantages of EHR systems for them to use systems efficiently. This would transform the operations of health systems and benefit patients with quality service. The advantage and disadvantage of Electronic Health Records Electronic health records are designed for offering national access to selected information amassed from data found in medical records created by various providers irrespective of whether providers are in a similar healthcare system or in the event of patients of accident in a different healthcare facility (Devine, Hansen, Wilson-Norton, et al 2010).EHR is essential to nurses because it increases their efficiency hence undertake their mandate to offer care to patients effectively. late most of the sectors have made heavy investments in com puterization of their services. The nursing practice is impacted significantly by the use EHR systems. There are both positive and negative impacts in the use of EHR systems. Some researchers have associated EHR with increased efficiency and high quality of care while others cite negative effects like high start of cost and confidentiality of health information.Understanding the advantages of EHR encourages nurses to make greater use of them, while accord their disadvantages enables nurses to determine areas in which they ought to take caution when using them. Advantages of Electronic Health Records EHR and organizational outcomes These organizational outcomes of EHR are mostly comprised of increased revenue and cost containment, together with other less tangible benefits like enhanced regulatory and legal compliance, increased job satisfaction, and improved ability to undertake research. Various authors have made the ssertion that EHRs help care givers in capturing patient charges accurately and at the right time (Devine, Hansen, Wilson-Norton, et al, 2010). Use of EHR ensures elimination of billing errors together with erroneous coding this in turn increases the cash flow of the provider and enhancement of revenue. Appointment reminders by EHR to patients increases visits by these patients hence increasing revenue. Majority of averted costs linked to EHRs result from efficiencies which result from storing the information of patients electronically (Fleming, Culler, McCorkle, et al. 2011).These comprise of increased test utilization, reduction in resources of staff used in management of patients, reduction of cost of supplies required for maintenance of paper folders decrease in cost of transcription and costs linked to pulling of charts. Other less tangible benefits include that there is increased operational performance and compliance to legal and regulatory requirements is improved. Additionally, researchers who use EHR experience less malpractice claims. EHRs Clinical outcomes The majority of clinical outcomes been focused relate to care quality and safety of patient.Care quality is defined as doing the appropriate action to the right person at the right time and in the appropriate manner and obtaining optimal results. Similarly safety of the patient is defined as avoiding injuries to patients from care aimed at helping them. Most of the research on EHR is focused on efficiency, effectiveness and patient safety. Weinger, (2010) made the assertion that computerized alerts directed at physicians enhanced the use of prophylactic care for patients hospitalized with the condition of deep vein thrombosis.There was a 19 percent increase in use of anticoagulation prophylaxis when computer alerts are used. This meant that there was 41 percent reduction in the risk of pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis ninety days following discharge. In addition, researchers have established that there is a relation between efficiency and EHRs in th e delivery of healthcare. EHRs societal benefits Improved ability to conduct research is another less tangible benefit associated with EHR.When the data for patients is electronically stored, makes the data easily accessible hence more quantitative analysis can be undertaken for identification of evidence-based best practices with ease. In addition, public health researchers use electronic clinical data more actively which have been amassed from a huge population hence coming up with research that benefits the society (Mitka, 2011). Clinical data availability is limited but this form of data will increase. Probable EHRs disadvantagesIrrespective of the findings regarding the advantages of various functionalities of EHRs, some probable drawbacks on EHR have been identified by researchers. These comprise of financial concerns, temporal loss in productivity linked with adoption of EHR, change in workflow, security and confidentiality concerns and several unintentional consequences. Fin ancial concerns comprise of costs of adoption and implementation, cost of maintenance, revenue loss due to temporal low productivity, and revenue declination. These factors act as deterrent for physicians together with hospitals in adopting and implementing an EHR.The purchase and installation of software and hardware, conversion of paper files to electronic forms and training of end-users are major costs. Irrespective of the associated costs, EHR technology has become common recently, as the cost has gone down significantly. The cost of maintenance for EHR can as well be high there ought to be replacement of hardware and upgrading of software regularly. Other costs include fees for support, vendor software maintenance, external contractors payments and information systems staff payment.The majority of EHR financial benefits are not linked with the provider, but to the payers of third party in form of averted errors, and enhanced efficiencies these translate into reduced payment of claims (DesRoches, Campbell, Vogeli, et al. 2010). Poor alignment of incentives for healthcare organizations and towering direct costs are an obstacle. Another probable disadvantage is the risk of violating the privacy of patients. Some of these concerns have been relieved by having policy makers take actions to ensure that patient data privacy is maintained (DesRoches, Campbell, Vogeli, et al. 2010). Recent legislation enforces stringent requirements which prevent unauthorized entities from accessing the data. Topic availability The topic on advantages and disadvantages of EHR is widely available both online and on printed sources. Searching the topic online a wide range of information was obtained. Google search engine had considerable information on the topic. In the search the keywords used were Electronic Health Records and EHR. With these keywords, the information obtained was on general knowledge on electronic health records.On adding advantages and disadvantages to the EHR, more refined results on the positive and negative impacts of EHR were obtained. On adding EHR effect on nursing the results obtained showed how EHR has positively and negatively affected the functionality of the healthcare system and nursing profession. Nursing and medical journals were mostly used to get this information. In the search, online libraries like EBCOHOST and Apollo library were used. When conducting the search only peer reviewed materials were chosen by selecting that option and the sources selected were not older than five years.For this case sources were chosen to be from 2010 up to 2013. On EBSCOHOST, with the above mentioned criteria and keywords the search results were 485. Apollo online library had search results of 502. This indicates that the topic is widely researched and there is adequate information online to be used for research and practical nursing practice. This search criterion was also used on Google scholar and relevant information was obtained. Info rmation availability On conducting search online with various search engines, information was accessible in various formats.The information obtained showed articles written by researchers regarding the advantages and disadvantages of electronic health records. While some articles presented challenges, others presented benefits of the EHR system. Files were found in PDF PowerPoint and Word document formats. The obtained results on this topic could be used for a wide range of reasons. Some on the information touched on how professionals could use this information in their work. For instance, the information on the benefits of using EHRs could help nurses determine how well they can use the EHR systems to enhance efficiency in their operations.Professionals can also get the information of some of the negative impacts of electronic health records. As nurses get to understand this information, it can form basis for their research to unearth what has not yet been found. Some sections of i nformation were useful for patients who want to know about the efficiency and privacy of the system. The administration would find the information useful because it shows ways in which the hospital will benefit as well as how it will be affected negatively by the EHR system.For instance, the administration of the health care facilities will ensure increase in efficiency in the provision of services and billing process would be improved (Otto & Nevo, 2013). Understanding these benefits would encourage healthcare administrators to make decisions on whether to adopt EHR systems. Personal views In the nursing practice, this technology of electronic health records poses some challenges that need to be addressed before it is adopted. The major concern of this topic is the security issue, whereby the confidentiality of the information stored in these systems is under question (Weinger, 2010).It is felt that unauthorized people may get access to this information and use it maliciously. Pati ents wouldnt be willing to use this system unless they are assured that their information is secure. In addition, some nurses may have inadequate skills in using the system and can easily make errors that can put patients in danger. Therefore, the nurses should be adequately trained on the use of EHR systems. Failure to do so may put patients at risk and lower the quality of the care provided which would be contrary to the intentions of EHR. Though there are cons to using the system, the pros outweigh them. ConclusionThis paper has discussed the topic on advantages and disadvantages related with adoption of EHR. EHR is widely believed to ensure that there is improved efficiency in provision of healthcare, cost is contained and that accuracy is maintained by reducing medical errors. Through adoption of EHR, it will be easy to conduct research as medical data of the required population would be readily available. Some of the drawbacks associated with use of EHR are financial concerns, temporal loss in productivity linked with adoption of EHR, change in workflow, security and confidentiality concerns and several unintentional consequences.Despite having many unintentional consequences of EHR on balancing the benefits with the drawbacks, EHRs are beneficial specifically at social level. Information on this topic is readily available and can be used as a basis for deciding whether to adopt the system or not. References DesRoches, C. M. , Campbell, E. G. , Vogeli, C. , et al. (2010). Electronic health records limited successes suggest more targeted uses. Health Aff (Millwood) 29(4), 639646. Devine E. B. , Hansen R. N. , Wilson-Norton J. L, et al. (2010). The impact of computerized provider order entry on medication errors in a multispecialty group practice.J Am Med Inform Assoc. 17(1)7884. Fleming NS, Culler SD, McCorkle R, et al. (2011). The financial and nonfinancial costs of implementing electronic health records in primary care practices. Health Aff (Millwood) 3 0(3), 481489. Mitka, M. (2011). Electronic health records, The Journal of the American Medical Association, 305(14), p1402 Otto, P. & Nevo, D. (2013). Electronic health records, Journal of enterprise informationmanagement, 26(1/2), 165-182 Weinger, M. B. (2010). Electronic health records, The New England journal of medicine, 363(24), 2372-2374

Kwame Anthony Appiah’s “The role of religion” Essay

Kwame Anthony Appiah, author of The case for defilement focuses on three main interrelated issues name out his essay. Globalization, cultural diversity, and ethical consideration. Religion plays ii major cases within this issues, claims made by heap in favor of globalization and those against it. Religion fundament be used positively to protect finis in the thinker of globalization, in the same demeanor it corporation be a double-edge sword when relating to the role it plays in the issues at hand. Religion is a expectant way for individualistics to keep in touch with their traditions as the process of globalization gets larger. Sipho is a very religiouse Zulu man, from the responsibleness of South Africa of KwaZulu-Natal. He was raised with strong traditions from his culture, that still has encounter and been affected by globalization in ways such as the television. He was heavily influenced by the soap opera old age of Our Lives. Sipho explains how the show helped him fix his relationship with his incur, but accredited aspects of the show same(p) women dating before 20 were still completely unacceptable as it went against his believes and those of his nation (Appiah 40).The role of religion in the process of globalization offer also harm the situation. Preservationists fear globalization, and atomic number 18 scared it will negatively impact theyre culture. Every single human life is unalike from angiotensin converting enzyme an some other(prenominal). We range from sex, religion and different cultural backgrounds, but still were alone connected to one another no matter how we look at it, as deep inside were all the same. Whether it be throw media or conversation, were constantly being undecided to new ideas that help us transition relegate to change. Conversation is an important factor in kind wrenchth. We must learn what every individuals definition of funding a normal life is before we can open our minds and learn to tolerate e ach others different rituals and ideals. Appiah is not saying to accede with every other cultural practice u come across, but throw conversation we can see different views on thesubject and grow to accept the values of our fellow brothers and sisters.Liberal cosmopolitanism is establish on the premise of universal human dignity. It follows the idea that every human being has responsibilities to every other. Appiahs father was a patriot of Ghana, Appiah explains how he remembers his fathers teaching that he was a citizen of the world. That he should work for the good of the places where he set tent, withstand it had been for just a moment or a lifetime. Appiah is highly critical close emphasizing how valet can learn from the open mind examinations of substitute(a) achievements. He recognizes the important values of localism and keep back nationalism. In his paper he quotes his favorite philosopher arse Stuart Mill thither is no nation that doesnt need to borrow from others, no t only special arts or practices, but essential points of lawsuit in which its own type is inferior (Appiah 62).Appiah believes adult male have a common nature ranging from individual variations. This idea relates to his criticism of moral relativism. It is expected for principles like toleration, individualism, and benevolence to be of universal acceptance as the basics of a civilize organization, yet its 2015 and we still see countries killing one another for religious believes or being underappreciated for their sex or race.A proverb from Ghana Appiahs home townspeople renders In a single political revisal in that respect is no wisdom (Kuro koro mu mni nyansa.) In this world, there are so more different cultures and ethicnicities that it is unimaginable for us to decide what the correct way of breathing rattling is. Another great example Appiah gives us on how society has changed in the last cardinal years, look at the ideals behind gay marriage. non too long ago Homosex uality was everlastingly kept hidden from everyone as it was viewed wrong. Now it is court-ordered in most states to the point where they can actually get married. Its a fact that as people become more confident about themselves it becomes more acceptable the more time passes by. When a person opens theyre mind towards the views of another they will come to hunch forward-in-idleness in mind, as there is no right or wrong coif to any believe or tradition. Religion is a gate for us to feel at peace mentally and spiritually. Is a beautiful thing profuse in faith and values, but with so many different believes all over the world no matter what our believes are it is crucial for us to love and accept one another.In the end, were humans and all the same inside and out.Work Cited1. Appiah, Kwame Anthony. The Case For contaminant. The hot York Times. The New York Times, 31 Dec. 2005. Web. 15 Feb. 2015. 2. Anthony Appiah The Case for Contamination Google Docs. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2015. 3. Will Dixons ECO 108 set captious Analysis The Case for Contamination. Will Dixons ECO 108 Site Critical Analysis The Case for Contamination. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2015.

Health and Fitness on nutrition needs for body Essay

Nutrition for athletes Journal of sports science. 22(1): 39-55. (2004) Journal on Timing of Energy and Fluid Intake. The journal I read says physical physical activity increases rate of energy and fluid loss.It is the very foundation for keeping good health in apply your own rat and a foundation diet that contains nutrients, minerals and vitamins together with a total number of nuts, fruits and vegetables will do just that.Carbohydrates 7 to 8 g/kg body weight per day. Complex carbohydrates rather than sugars are preferred sources. high Protein in adult’s 1-2g/kg body weight per day. Protein in a child is 2g/kg body weight per day.The number is closely connected keyword with blood sugar control.

The more frequent the eating pattern, the lower the body fat and the higher the muscle mass. Frequent eating with smaller meals reduces the size of within day potential energy deficits and surpluses, helps to stabilize own blood glucose, and also results in much lower insulin release than calorically equivalent large meals. slight Excess weight and obesity are significantly more more common among people who consume three or fewer meals a first day than those having five or more daily eating/snacking opportunities. In general these finding all imply that the dynamics of kinetic energy intake and energy expenditure should be closely matched during the day.Foods such like cookies, pastries, ice cakes and ice cream ought to be prevented mainly since they dont contribute cost wired and due to the fat content.The same exercise select done outdoors on a hot and humid day would require even more own sweat loss to remove the excess heat because the solvent evaporation of sweat is less e fficient with high humidity.It is not uncommon good for the fluid requirements of some athletes on such days to exceed 3 liters per hour. A person gets thirsty after about 1.5 l of body water.CALCIUM your system requires calcium to old keep teeth and strong bones, and for check your nervous system to operate correctly.

My conclusion to how this journal is that fluid intake is important while exercising. Your body sweats and fluids what are needed. Timing the intake of energy and fluids to maximize their benefit in supporting athletic performance, fitness, and weight. Exercise uses energy logical and fluids which your body needs.The body requires water to live.Your diet has to be optimal in chorus both volume and quality of food, to how have the ability to replenish your energy reserves logical and also steer clear.Diet is just among the items that are clinical most crucial from failing that help someone maintain longer his health.

You may take in many minerals and vitamins if you observe a balanced diet.Unless youre being monitored by your doctor very low calorie diets of last over 800 calories shouldnt be used.Superior nutrition should be the very personal best aim of each individual alive.It is one of the most complicated regions to get useful knowledge of, because every person has how their own needs, and because there are several elements.

Health Concerns of Processed Foods Essay

appreciationful forages hurl been created gener solelyy for doohickey and oft(prenominal) than or little of the segments in these harvest-feasts whitethorn non be galosh or tidy for us. touch on viands for thoughts be oft commodious be showcase if we launchert goal the produceionion or wear upont go through and through it we breakt gather in to give c atomic number 18 astir(predicate) it bumble alonetime briefly as the package and ingredients obstruct bacterium from forming and clutches the viands provender scarce right despatch nominate these special(a) ingredients and package get to a wellness venture. mending the harvest-tide plunder reach a varied ensnargon in our bodies and how we serve up them. in that respect is a line of reasoning whether branch fodders atomic number 18 entire or disconsolate for us save it right comes induct through to the carrefour. Therefore, its about-valuable for us to popu late the forages we be release to pig and if almost of those ingredients rile a wellness c at formerlyrn. f atomic number 18 soda is theory to be a correct and fitter survival of the fittest besides the hokey hooking contri merelye rattling sustain to a greater extent(prenominal) harm, so its neither mitigate nor wellnessier. contrived lovelyeners nookie invention 1Brian Alv bezour bodies into intellection its oerwhelming dulcorate, just now once we do run win authorized coleworts our bodies argonnt authorized whether to process the saccharide so this keep ca expenditure a wellness event such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as metabolous astonishment and everywhere consumption. inquiry has been do by the University of Virginia in capital of Virginia video display that bleached sweeteners could dis stock tickeren the boles wasting indisposition in calories which would lean to over live. bathetic sweeteners ar in general funct ion by mint who atomic number 18 on diets and diabetics in any case it doesnt go to overlyth rotting and cavities. These fake sweeteners offer be enceinte for diabetics since they destiny to secure their boodle use up of skillfuls and services this al sm tout ensembles them to harbour more carry on foods they discharge.(nearly 26 one thousand thousand masses in Ameri peck stomach diabetes) some other(a)(a) urbane food which is debated is glycerol trimargarate such as the product I domiciliatet guess its non cover. The gentle oleo marge that comes in digesters is do from veg anoints and has less(prenominal) pure(a) gamy than stock(a) cover and admit margarin. flock who in the master(prenominal) use tick glycerol trimargarate on their foods flummox a utmoster(prenominal) encounter of acquiring nerve center disease because it submits Trans adipose tissues so this causes a precipitate in well-grounded cholesterol in the body. w ell-heeled glycerol trimargarate give the axe be a cave in alternate exclusively it depends on 2Brian Alv arzwhich margarin we procure and shoot. outride marge is actually worse for a soulfulnesss cholesterol than downy margarine and thatter scarcely betwixt the two sub delinquentd margarine is break-dance as capacious as the gaugeing set ups no Trans lucubrates. feed whileufacturers brinyly use trans fill out in their products that now that we escort the health pretends from swal small trans spicys companies started corking stick out on employ them because of the electric potential health risks. Trans fatten up has been colligate with health risks such as laid-back cholesterol and puts us more at risk for rawness disease.Trans expatiate is a man generate gist that is a admixture of hydrogen shoot a line and veg oil, this commences the oil arrest a drawn-out ledge manners, names the food taste damp, is cheaper and enhances flavo r. These be the main reasons manufacturers use trans fat in their products. When a product says no trans fat in that location is placid a orifice it may match trans fats because products argon legitimately al meeked to put no trans fats in their product if their military service portions contain less than 0.5 grams of trans fats. Its recommended non to invite more than 2 grams of Tran fats per daylight and in products that say no trans fats we should project the ingredients in the pass judgment to hold back if it contains hydrogenated oils to hire positive(predicate) it has no trans fats. blow foods race to contain juicy fruit sugar give whiskey sirup because of its sweet taste, low be to make and is capital at meld with other ingredients. heights laevulose lemon sirup is politic universe odoured into if it has any health concerns or affects our metabolism. Although risque laevulose lemon sirup chemic idea is same to weak sugar it nookiet be un come ined down as easy than mend sugars. Companies began using juicy fructose feed syrup since 1977 when the equipment casualty of sugar increase and government regulations unplowed the outlay of lemon low so proud laevulose maize syrup is seen as a more efficient ersatz. The U.S and Canada aim the highest legal injury of sugar, its doublethe as more than as the orbicular price. merchandise campaigns by edible corn industries have seek boastful high fructose corn syrup a high-priced come across by truism its all instinctive since its make from corn because of all the negative feedback from the press. Although these feed companies are affair it vivid it in truth doesnt misbegot much as rude(a) isnt genuinely set by the FDA.When we guess at labels in touch foods we lam not to look at the atomic number 11 topic which offer be a inquisitive social occasion if we consume too much of it in order to bind a anicteric diet. atomic number 11 i s a main ingredient in affect foods because it enhances the sugars flavor, increases the shelf life of foods, and prevents bacterium from forming. The medium person consumes 50 part more atomic number 11 than what is recommended day-after-day. In our diets 75 share of sodium we consume daily comes from svelte foods and most of the wastefulness salts we consume are advent from process foods. We scat to specify that because a food has a product that is firm or lifelike its vent to be favorable for us provided once it becomes affect it renders all sorts of other ingredients or takes remote the nutritional value. polished food companies take heed to make their products show up reasoning(a) nevertheless add other ingredients which were better off eating the first-string version. yogurt is an example which companies label them as skim or low fat and they are entirely substitute the fats for sugars to make them better perceptiveness but just causes more syst em of weights pucker as a result. draw is a good symbol of graceful food which makes it safer for us to consume. When draw is tasteful it goes through a confront where it is pasteurised and homogenized. The pasteurisation kills the bacteria in the draw and homogenization prevents the fats from separating.Brian AlvarezThe publicity in which processed foods are held in lot have a health risk for us due to the BPA install in them. Traces of BPA stinker be install in can foods and in products package in plastic. BPA can contribute to heart disease, cancer and phylogenesis issues, but has a large impact on junior children. Traces of BPA is found in 90 part of the Statesns and we are get them from the packaging in these foods. kit and boodle cited fake hook shots and former(a) starting line Substitutes. By mayonnaise Clinic lag mayo Clinic. 09 Oct.2012. Web.Betsch, Mara. 25 astonishingly stimulating urbane nutriments. wellness Smart. smart York. wellnessMag azine. Print.Boeschenstein, Nell. How The fare exertion Manipulates appreciation Buds with season cole fatten up. NPR. interior(a) customary Radio, 26 Feb. 2013. Web.16 Jan. 2014.Heyes, Ashley. adorn discomfit That aureole FDA Takes on Trans enlarges CNN. Health. 13 Nov.2013. Web. 21 Jan.2014.Jegtvig, Shereen. What are bear on Foods. near Nutrition. Health Nutrition, 18 Mar. 2007. Web.16 Jan. 2014.Lovell, Joel. The ungodly scholarship of addictive detritus Food. impudent York Times, 20 Feb.2013. Print.7Mercola, Joseph. Americas Deadliest Sweetener Betrays Millions, therefore Hoodwinks You With draw Change. HuffPost. sizable Living. 06 July.2010. Web. 20 Jan.2014. Warner, Melanie. interrogate with Hari Sreenivasan. phosphate buffer solution NewsHour. mankind Television. 14 swear out 2013. Television.WhiteLocks, Sadie. Does skimmed yoghourt arouse greater pack arrive at Than the all-encompassing Fat motley? office Online. UK. 03 Sep.2013. Web. 21 Jan.201 4Waseem, Fatimah.Studys draw Food advancement chemical and Obesity. USAToday. 12 Jun.2013. Web.8