Chapter Notes On Holden s Life - 2226 Words

1. Chapter 1 Quote: â€Å"What I was really hanging around for, I was trying to feel some kind of a good-by. I mean I ve left schools and places I didn t even know I was leaving them. I hate that. I don t care if it s a sad good-by or a bad good-by, but when I leave a place I like to know I m leaving it. If you don t, you feel even worse† (Salinger 4). 1.Chapter 1 Quote Explanation: 2. Chapter 2 Question: Holden understands that life is game and that one must play by the rules, but why does he determine it not by winning or losing but by who he’s playing with? 2.Chapter 2 Question Explanation: When Holden is told by old Spencer that life is a game and that he must play by the rules, Holden interprets it not by winning or losing, but by what team he is playing on. Holden believes his life is hard because of the relationships he has with certain people. He believes that if these people were not in his life, his life would be a whole lot easier and simple. 3. Chapter 3 Quote: â€Å"’Like hell it (red hunting hat) is.’ I took it off and looked at it. I sort of closed one eye, like I was taking aim at it. ‘This is a people shooting hat,’ I said. ‘I shoot people in the hat’† (Salinger 22). 3.Chapter 3 Quote Explanation: This hat for Holden is something that makes him different from others. It makes him his own independent person. This hat gives him uniqueness and individuality. The hat also shows the conflict in the novel because he is self-conscious of it when he is wearing itShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Innocence In Catcher In The Rye951 Words   |  4 Pageshidden messages to things that the main character, Holden, interacts with, such as his red hunting hat, the swear words on the walls, and Holden dropping the Little Shirley Beans record on the ground. Holden Caulfield’s red hunting hat is mentioned throughout the novel, like a motif, but it does not just display that Holden is feeling cold when he wears his hat. In chapter 3 of the novel, is when he first mentions his hunting hat. Since Holden is mostly pessimistic about things, the only thingsRead MoreJ.b. Salinger s A Perfect Day For Bananafish 1714 Words   |  7 Pagesand For Esmà © With Love and Squalor which describes a U.S. soldier s meeting with two British kids. He has published a total of thirty five short stories including many in The Saturday Evening Post, Story, and Colliers between 1940 and 1948 and in The New Yorker from 1948 to 1965. He was also very interested in Zen Buddhism, Hindu-Buddhism, and other Eastern beliefs. Buddhism can be found throughout Nine Stories in the book s closing story Teddy. He also was a devoted student of The Gospel ofRead More 1950s Culture Exposed in The Catcher in the Rye Essay1361 Words   |  6 Pages1950s Culture Exposed in The Catcher in the Rye    J.D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye is a remarkable book that gives readers a unique and perhaps gloomy perspective of the 1950s through Holden Caulfield, a cynical and peculiar teenager. Through The Catcher in the Rye Salinger describes important aspects of the 1950s. Salinger emphasizes several key characteristics of the 50s and criticizes them through Holden. In addition, Holden Caulfield is a very interesting character withRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye Essay790 Words   |  4 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye is a novel by J.D. Salinger. It is narrated by Holden Caulfield, a cynical teenager who recently got expelled from his fourth school. Though Holden is the narrator and main character of the story, the focus of Salinger’s tale is not on Caulfield, but of the world in which we live. The Catcher in the Rye is an insatiable account of the realities we face daily seen through the eyes of a bright young man whose visions of the world are painfully truthful, if no t a bit jaded. Salinger’sRead MoreText Response: the Catcher in the Rye1379 Words   |  6 Pagesexplores the themes of loneliness, relationships and deception though the use of literary devices. Many symbols are used to enhance our understanding of the novel; such as Holden Caulfield s red hunting hat, the museum of Natural History, the ducks in Central Park Lagoon and the carousel. The author gives us an insight into the life of a young teenager facing physical and emotional exhaustion. He struggles to understand and connect to the society. he uses self deception to view society as phoneyRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye: Holden Caulfields Mental Breakdown1384 Words   |  6 PagesJ.D. Salinger s The Catcher in the Rye portrays a troubled teen in New York City. Over the few days the novel depicts, the boy displays his critical and unhealthy mindset. Eventually he has a mental breakdown. Through psychoanalysis of Holden Caulfield, one may suggest that Allie s death, social development, and an identity crisis are large contributing factors in Holden s mental breakdown. Allie Caulfield is an important person to Holden and his death affects him greatly. In response to hisRead MoreHolden Caulfield Is The Narrator1845 Words   |  8 PagesChapter Summaries Chapter 1 and 2 Holden Caulfield is the narrator. Holden was kicked out of his school, Pencey Prep, due to scanty grades. The reader’s are taken back to his last day at the school. It was Saturday, which meant game day for Pencey Prep. They were playing their rivals, Saxon Hall. Instead of being down at the game like every other student, Holden went to visit old Spencer. Mr. Spencer was Holden’s history teacher who had an idea that Holden would not be returning next semesterRead MoreCatcher in the Rye Songs2572 Words   |  11 Pages1. Aerosmith- Dream On This song is significant to this chapter because Holden talks about his ambitions and the troubles hes gone through in his past and this song is just about going after what you want in life and not stopping along the way and that represents Holden a lot. 2. Whats my Age Again?- Blink 182 This song is significant to this chapter because Holden always says that people think hes older than he is and that he has gray hair and that he is really tall and this song talks aboutRead MoreThe Use of Language in J.D. Salingers Catcher in the Rye3182 Words   |  13 PagesThe use of language in J.D. Salingers Catcher in the Rye Holden Caulfield, the protagonist of J.D. Salingers Catcher in the Rye, is an upper-class boy who has gone from one private school to another, searching for -- something. He expresses his frustrations in language highly characteristic of adolescence; his extremely colloquial speech sounds just like that of teenagers today, even though Salingers novel was written in the 1950s. But a particularly striking factor of Holdens narration isRead MoreThe Catcher In The Rye: Why It Is An American Classic?2178 Words   |  9 Pagesthroughout the ages. JD Salinger has created a character- Holden Caulfield, which the audience can easily identify and relate to, demonstrated via his wandering style of thought and retelling of events in the book. Similarly, Holdens popular culture and social commentary reveals much of the human condition, which the audience throughout time could relate to, particularly of the universal theme of growing up in an adult world. Thus, it is through Holden which the audi ence can follow his physical and mental

Cultural Retention During The Middle Passage - 1319 Words

Delano Codner Professor Andrew Sachs Communication 300 18 October 2015 Cultural Retention in Jamaica Transport through the Middle Passage was a time of immense misery, suffering, and death for the millions of Africans who experienced it between the 1600s and 1800s. After arriving to Africa from Europe, slave traders violently kidnapped or bought African men, women, and children, for iron, cloths, and firearms. The Africans, most of whom were taken from Upper Guinea, Sierra Leone, Angola, the Gold Coast, which is now the nation of Ghana, and other West African countries knew nothing of their fate, leading some to commit suicide and starve themselves on the slave ships. Though there was a heavy loss of life during transport and upon arrival to the Americas and the Caribbean, at least 12 million Africans endured deadly conditions and began what is now called the African Diaspora. The Middle Passage had a great influence on many aspects of African culture due to the shared sense of pain and struggle that united the slaves and due to the ways they responded to oppression in the New Worl d. Conditions of the Middle Passage contributed to the carving out of new cultural systems in New World slave plantation societies and resistance to slavery led to a retention of African cultures in many Caribbean countries that is still evident today. In this paper, I wish to argue that cultural and linguistic similarities between the people of Ghana and the people of Jamaica can be attributedShow MoreRelated African Diaspora Essay1641 Words   |  7 Pagesargument, that of cultural transformation, is the argument I find to be most valid. John Thorntons analysis of this issue is extremely helpful. He addresses the no connections arguments in chapters 6, 7 and 8. He outlines the claims made by scholars Franklin Frazier, Stanley Elkins, Sidney Mintz and Richard Price. Frazier and Mintz believe that the extreme trauma and disruption experienced by Africans during the process of enslavement and the middle passage minimized the possibilityRead MoreFemale Genitalia Mutilation ( Fgm )1821 Words   |  8 PagesFemale Genitalia mutilation (FGM) includes the cutting to female genital organs for non-medical reasons. The procedure is common in some African and Middle Eastern countries that practice FGM usually as a cultural custom. Commonly, the procedure is performed on girls as a rite of passage and a way to keep a woman faithful to her husband. Women are seen as unclean if they have not undergone the surgery, and therefore it can be difficult for them to find a husband . According to the World Health OrganizationRead More Female Genital Mutilation Essay1698 Words   |  7 PagesFemale Genital Mutilation Female Genital Mutilation is believed to have started in Egypt 2,000 years ago and spread from there. Only a few years ago, FGM was considered a cultural tradition, but now the United Nations has labeled it as a violation of human rights. Canada, Denmark, the Netherlands, and the United States has declared Female Genital Mutilation grounds for seeking asylum and is a punishable offense (1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many of us never heard of Female Genital Mutilation until the storyRead MoreHistorical Development Of Urban Development1718 Words   |  7 Pagesprovide more jobs and opportunities to its residents, and in doing so, the city has asserted itself as a major example for its innovation and strengthening infrastructure. For example, Tolleson was the only city in Arizona to not lay off employees during the 2008 Great Recession, and the Paseo de Luces (Path of Lights), which was created by Mayor Adolfo F. Gà ¡mez, who also fought to keep highways such as the Interstate 10 and South Mountain Freeway from dividing the city, is a major project completedRead MoreThe Journal Of Negro History Essay1680 Words   |  7 Pagesdoesn t see how important her family culture is. On the next story â€Å"The Journal of Negro History† it talks about how the studies of African American Life and history and basically it mean that it really important to know your family heritage. During a fifty-three year span, on 1920-1973, Charles Harris was one of the most highly revered and a respected speaker. In his background in education, history, labor, and religion provided him a world-view of African-American life and culture which placedRead MoreEyo Festival in Lagos Nigeria2555 Words   |  11 Pagesof leisure seen with the finest presentation of a races cultural heritage. It was indeed a tourist delight as well as money spinner for the organizers in Lagos State. A renaissance of a peoples true way of being. The undoubted pride of Lagos. Eyo Festival. The Adamuorisha play was certainly, a heritage for Lagos State. Eko or the city of Lagos and the home of Eyo, the economic capital of Nigeria, reputed for more traditional or cultural mosaic which include Elegba, Ota and olokun among others wasRead MoreFemale Genital Circumcision Female genital circumcision (FGC) is a cultural ritual that is2800 Words   |  12 PagesFemale Genital Circumcision Female genital circumcision (FGC) is a cultural ritual that is performed to the vast majority of women within the countries of Sudan, Kenya, Mali, Benin, Togo, and parts of the Middle East. Female genital circumcision also termed as female genital mutilation is used based upon a person’s beliefs. This ritual has been highly controversial for many years especially in the western society, due to the health risks that women may have to go through. Doctor Gruenbaum, and anthropologistRead More The Impact on Culture of Islam and Christianity Essay3721 Words   |  15 Pagesit was when at its genesis. The lack of institutionalized religion provided by the government has allowed a wide variety of religions to prosper within the borders, creating both more religious tolerance and more variations within each religion. Middle Eastern culture, on the other hand, is still strictly religious because of a continuing regulation of religion by the government in power (Jatava, Religions in Modern Society: 136). Culture and religion seem to go hand in hand, as people’s actionsRead MoreTeaching Reading Comprehension6449 Words   |  26 Pageshave identified a positive relationship between listening ability and language acquisition as well as between reading ability and language acquisition. The theoretical and practical value of the research work consist in the material that was used during the investigation work which may be used in further researches and be helpful in lectures on methodology of the English language as well as to teachers and students in their practical lessons. Material under analysis is the literature on the themeRead More William Shakespeares Use of Song in the Early Comedies3188 Words   |  13 PagesShakespeares songs, You Spotted Snakes of A Midsummer Nights Dream (II.ii.9-24) demonstrates each of the aspects outlined above. To begin, by answering Queen Titanias command Sing me now asleep (II.ii.7), this lullaby serves to advance the plot: during the song the queen not only retires but achieves such slumber as endures undisturbed by King Oberons ensuing mischief. This function resembles that of Let Me the Canakin Clink in Othello II.iii.71-75), explains Seng: not only to establish an atmosphere

My Own Beliefs About Teaching And Learning Essay - 1679 Words

1. Think about your own beliefs about teaching and learning. In writing, discuss which of the philosophies of education and the learning orientations are closest to you? Why? Which do not fit with your philosophy of education and learning? Why? Based upon my own beliefs about teaching and learning, the philosophy of education and the learning orientation that is closest to me is Progressivism; which is a philosophy that places focus on the influential ideologies of education. Progressives believe that education should focus on a child’s individuality, development, and change; which are all fundamental to one s education, rather than the subject matter or the teacher. Education for Progressives means allowing children to discover what works best for them by reflecting upon their most relevant experiences, needs, interests, and abilities; in which the curriculum is then centered around. I so very much enjoy learning; and hopes of one day teaching, using this type of educational philosophy because effective teachers provide experiences so that students can become problem solvers and thinkers. Students can then in turn make an attempt to comprehend the meaning behind his or her individual experience in the physical and cultural context. I would prefer my classes to be taught by incorporating this type of educational philosophy because this is the way I learn best. According to my scores, Existentialism does not fit with my philosophy of education and learning.Show MoreRelatedTeaching Methods Reflection1216 Words   |  5 Pagesimportant change in my beliefs about teaching; I came to understand that there are many different theories and methods that can be tailored to suit the teacher and the needs of the student. The readings, especially those from Lyons, G., Ford, M., Arthur-Kelly, M. (2011), Groundwater-Smith, S., Ewing, R., Le Cornu, R. (2007), and Whitton, D., Barker, K., Nosworthy, M., Sinclair, C., Nanlohy, P. (2010), have helped me to understand this in particular. In composing my essay about teaching methods and otherRead MoreEssay about Personal Educational Philosophy1069 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract This paper is my personal educational philosophy statement. It represents my ideas and values about teaching and learning; it reveals my personal teaching beliefs and their relation to the five major established educational philosophies; it shows my role and responsibilities in educational process. I place great significance on personal style of instruction and its influence on curriculum implementation. The paper also highlights my career aspiration and orientation. Read MoreTeachers As For Myself ( Future Teacher )847 Words   |  4 Pagesit comes to remembering things by repetition, drilling the subject matter over and over again was a common belief in the teaching world for students to memorize the content, for a prime example students who still are struggling with the concept of plus and minus still don’t understand the notion no matter how hard you drill them. Misconceptions about the world, can be overwritten by belief of a trusted teacher who doesn’t see the same way the student does, cant that counteract with factual informationRead MoreJehovah Witness : Their Distinctive Beliefs846 Words   |  4 Pages Jehovah Witness’: Their Distinctive Beliefs Religion is a topic that many people are interested in learning about. It brings many questions, and there are many unknowns that we don’t know about. People question as to where do certain beliefs come from and where certain religions were developed. Religion is a choice in every person s life. It is like having your own freedom. Having freedom gives every individual the choice to worship and pray to whomever they consider to be their one and onlyRead MoreTeaching Perspectives Inventory ( Tpi ) Essay1546 Words   |  7 PagesCompleting the Teaching Perspectives Inventory (TPI) made me curious and a little unsettled, is this a useful tool for reflecting on my teaching. My first question on viewing my results was how did I end up here, with this label. One’s dominate perspective is the resulting cocktail of years of being a learner, in a variety of domestic, academic or community settings, involving responding, reacting and observing ones teachers. Pratt DD (Ed) (19 97) Blended with personal  choices, intentions, beliefs, whichRead MoreThe Teaching Perspectives Inventory ( Tpi ) Were Not A Total Surprise Essay1639 Words   |  7 Pages My results from the Teaching Perspectives Inventory (TPI) were not a total surprise, I was aware of some very dominate preferences in my approach to teaching. Interestingly my results are concurrent with Collins Pratt findings of the majority of teachers. With the most common dominant perspective being nuturing, with apprenticeship, developmental and transmission following with very little difference between those scores. Social reform trailed in last place. When I explore these results inRead MoreAnalysis Of Teaching Controversy By Mark Mccaffrey1044 Words   |  5 Pagesfor themselves. In the article, â€Å"Teaching Controversy† by Mark S. McCaffrey, the problem of teachers taking a stance on controversial topics is discussed. As a future teacher, do I influence the thinking of my students with my own thoughts or let them decide for themselves? For many, the answer to that question is pretty straight forward; but for others, they seem to think a different way. My first impression of this article was that McCaffrey was bias on teaching controversial topics, he statesRead MoreMy Own Process Of Learning And Teaching Essay1415 Words   |  6 Pagesthe God of my salvation; for you I wait all the day long.† The essence of learning and teaching for a Christian, for me as a Christian, is Jesus. My own process of learning and teaching has been exemplified by the presence of Jesus in my life. The existence of God in my learning has enabled a better focus, a deeper understanding and increased desire for learning. This paper will work through my own process of transformed learning, and developing and understanding personal learning styles andRead MoreCompetency Based Education Has Changed Throughout The Last Decade1579 Words   |  7 Pageseducation, outcome- based education, outcomes Competency-based Learning A continuous question I have as an education student is how I motivate my students to do the work, and excel in the course. When thinking about ways to encourage and facilitate learning I came across a method called outcome or competency-based learning. Which is teaching in a way that guides students to reach predetermined goals. This method has been widely used and talked about over the last forty years, specifically in the medicalRead MoreTeacher Interview Report1470 Words   |  6 Pages I. Introduction Actually, this is my second time to do teacher interview. Last time, I went to Shi Pai Junior High School to interview a teacher and asked something about the class management. From the interview, I’ve learned a lot from the teacher and her belief of teaching Chinese. Though to certain degree, this time the report is quite similar to the last report that I’ve done. However, this time, by the demand of teacher Alice and the class objective, my target interviewee must be an â€Å"English†

The Rhetorical Analysis Of Aung San Suu Kyi - 885 Words

Aung San Suu Kyi is a visionary that fights for Burma, her country, believing that people should fight for democracy and freedom through non-violent movements. She had a clear knowledge of her government and the government that she wanted for her people. As Aung Dan Suu said, it is not power that corrupts but fear. Fear of losing power corrupts those who wield it and fear of the scourge of power corrupts those who are subject to it (page 682). In order to bring this matter to the reader’s attention, Aung San Suu employs several rhetorical strategies. She uses the three main rhetorical devices: ethos, pathos, and logos to provide expert opinions on the subject. Through the text â€Å"Freedom from fear†, she made her ideas clear and define for†¦show more content†¦Aung San Suu demonstrates ethos in her speech by contrasting her father with the pacifism of Gandhi by stating: â€Å"The words used by Jawaharlal Nehru to describe Mahatma Gandhi could be applied to A ung San.† (page684). She uses that allusion to show her admiration for Gandhi, whom she identifies as â€Å"Abhaya†, the absence of fear from the mind. Aung San Suu strongly supports his immense contribution to human rights, peace, and non-violent resistance to fight oppression. She uses Gandhi as an example to persuade the reader that, just like him, she is worthy of trust and respect. She wants to show them that she has the same beliefs, same ideology as Gandhi, whom with his moral and methods brought down imperialism, colonialism and dictatorships. Kyi even continues to say that â€Å"there is an inevitable sameness† when she compares Gandhi to her father. A lot of attention focused on her because she is the daughter of once an influential man, so she knows that if she talks about him they would have no problem as to follow her. When it comes to her thoughts about Burma’s governments, Kyi shows a good amount of planning and knowledge when talking about economic growth. She states that: â€Å"Public dissatisfaction with economic hardships has been seen as the chief cause of the movement in Burma, sparked off by the student demonstrations of 1988.† (page682).Show MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageslamentable. Taken together, the key themes and processes that have been selected as the focus for each of the eight essays provide a way to conceptualize the twentieth century as a coherent unit for teaching, as well as for written narrative and analysis. Though they do not exhaust the crucial strands of historical development that tie the century together—one could add, for example, nationalism and decolonization—they cover in depth the defining phenomena of that epoch, which, as the essays demonstrate

Ken Robinson Free Essays

Even in modern day 20th century despite our growth in society, anyone who wishes to pursue any dreams or aspirations in the arts is heavily criticized for any chance of success and is frowned upon. In this article, Robinson (2006) takes an interesting approach to convey his point across that school education systems kill creativity. He takes three approaches which are listing, explaining and analysis. We will write a custom essay sample on Ken Robinson or any similar topic only for you Order Now He uses he’s own personal stories and professional stand point to grasp the reader’s attention. Robinson discusses the theme spoken throughout the presentations and how it will tie into his presentation. He now goes on by explaining that creativity should be treated with the same status as literacy has in education. According to Robinson (2006) he states, â€Å"We stigmatize mistakes and we’re now running a national education system where mistakes are the worst thing you can make. The result of creating that stigma is that we are educating people out of their creative capacities†. Robinson refers to a quote from Picasso that states â€Å"all children are born artist†. How will we fix these issues and keep the creative mindset if all we do is frown upon those who are more artistically bound rather than academically bound. Robinson shares a perfect example of the previous statement. He shares a story of a personal friend named Gillian Lynne, a world known choreographer for Phantom of the Opera and Cats. He opposed the question to Gillian on how she became a dancer and she explained that in school she felt hopeless and could never concentrate. The teacher suggested to her parents that she had a learning disorder; she was sent to see a psychologist who later on came to the conclusion after observing her that Gillian was not sick in anyway, she was just a dancer. She later on attended a dance school, auditioned Ken Robinson 3 for the Royal Ballet Academy, graduated and founded her own company. One of many perfect examples of artistic people who became insanely successful despite the lack of academics. Robinson (2006) concludes with how there are three types of intelligence, â€Å"it’s diverse, it’s dynamic and it’s distinct†. According to Robinson (2006) â€Å"We invest a lot of time into educating children on how to succeed in the future but if we are unable to predict the future in five years despite our expertise the who’s to say we’re meant to educate them for it. † How will we prepare them for a time that is so far away and technology that has yet to be invented yet. Robinson goes into urther analyzation when he says â€Å"We must adopt a new conception of human ecology, one of which we start to reconstitute out conception of the richness of human capacity†. As for the future it won’t serve us. We have to rethink the fundamental principles on which we’re educating our children†. Robinson (2006) How can we push the human capacity to its full potential if we’re not exploring all it its aspects. W e would not have people like William Shakespeare if we didn’t explore the artistic aspect and the historic change made in art and literacy. Read also  How Powerful Do You Find Atticus Finch’s Closing Speech? Robinson did an exceptional job at capturing the reader’s attention and let the think of his discussion and making them form their own opinion. He also backed up every point with a personal story and/or fact which made this more effective. He used humour as an essential way to make his presentation entertaining yet analytical. He argued both pros and cons to each paradigm in order to show he was not biased. Ken Robinson 4 Robinson theory that school kills creativity was proven to be well written and presented by adding humour, personal stories and facts. He left the readers with a lot to debate about and consider. How to cite Ken Robinson, Papers

Fantastic realism Essay Example For Students

Fantastic realism Essay This play also had elements of humour throughout it. Milton, the parrot was able to create a funny atmosphere and added an aspect of humour to Nation. In order to create a successful funny atmosphere you must make the audience laugh and Milton achieved this through using characterisation.  Milton used body language to portray his character as a parrot by moving the way a parrot does; popping his shoulders forward and moving his head forward and backwards. This was effective in creating a funny atmosphere as it made the audience laugh as his character was so realistic. This showed the audience that the actor must have worked hard and studied parrots in order to achieve such fantastic realism. The audience laughed multiple times in Miltons scenes which show that he was successful in creating a funny atmosphere. Also, in Act Two, Milton positioned himself at the top of some ladders and overlooked everyone else on the stage. This allowed the audience to think that Milton placed himself at a higher status than everyone and believed he was the best. However, the director actually intended Milton to be seen as a narrator, causing the audience to laugh at their wrong interpretation. This is what the director intended; he wanted the audience to misunderstand him, so that when they finally understood, it would create humour. Throughout the scenes Milton used a variety of techniques such as repetition to create a funny atmosphere. This was effective as it allowed the audience to interact with the play as they were capable of knowing when he was next going to repeat. Milton repeated a phrase multiple times in Nation, a phrase in which Daphne originally said to Mau. Theres nothing a cuppa tea cant fix. This quote allowed Milton to lift tense atmospheres , for example when Mau was getting very angry and people were scared Milton was able to lift the mood by saying Theres nothing a cuppa tea cant fix. By doing this it created a funny atmosphere as it was unexpected and sudden. Another moment in the play, Nation, that very effective in creating a specific atmosphere was when they used the birds. The birds were puppets that helped to create an eerie atmosphere. It was very successful in doing this as it brought in an aspect of fear related to death.  When the birds first appeared on the stage beams of red light shone done upon the cast, this allowed the audience to make the connection between the birds and danger as red is associated with danger. Also, the first time they were on stage the birds were eating away at the dead bodies that lay there after the storm, this caused an element of fear as the animal was eating away at a human. As the birds moved downstage it made the audience feel very intimidated as they were directly in front of them and the audience had just figured out that humans were the birds prey. The men controlling the birds helped with creating an eerie atmosphere as they were dressed in black so the audience were unable to see them. This meant that the audience were led to believe these birds were real, so the director intended to scare the audience. This puppet was used very effectively as the men controlling the birds had to work together and make sure they were in time, this showed the audience commitment. Overall, this prop was used to its best potential to create an eerie atmosphere, as the prop was able to rapidly change the emotions in the theatre from sadness to fear.  In conclusion Theatrical skills have been proven to successfully create a specific atmosphere towards the audience. There are a variety of ways in which to create a certain atmosphere for the audience and moments in Nation have shown that simple effects such as lighting and sound can create a specific type of atmosphere or more original ideas can be used such as props and caricatures.

Strategic Human Resource Management Modern Competitive Business

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Human Resource Management for Modern Competitive Business . Answer: Introduction In the modern competitive business environment, human resource management is the vital aspects of the management because the performance of an individual in a corporation largely driven by the work culture or work atmosphere that prevails the workplace. According to Armstrong and Taylor (2014), human resources are not just mobilizing the workforce, but it also stimulates the capabilities of each employee of an organization. To secure integration of individual and groups in securing organizational effectiveness, managers are ready to maintain high moral and good human relation within the organization (Purce 2014). In this context, managers are in process to plan the strategic human resource. This process will identify the current and future human resource needs for an organization to accomplish its goals. This researcher will develop a human resource plan for Myer. The company has been engaged in departmental retail store business in Australia. This report will critically discuss the key strategic HR issues which make the entire organization difficult to deliver their regular operations and many conflicts are identified during the recent times. The researcher will be taken an approach to resolve those identified issues. Here Mayer would like to incorporate 12 month human resource management plan. In this plan, the researcher will highlight several areas such as management of performance, training and development, promotion and succession planning, change management, culture of the staff and so on. Here the purpose of the report is to identify key areas of human resource planning so that organization can resolve their key strategic issues and establish a healthy employer-employee relationship within an organization. Company vision and strategy Myer is the iconic name of the history of the retail business of Australia. The founder of Myer, Sidney Myer has long been remembered as a visionary of the retail industry. Under his philanthropists leadership, the company welcomed consumers to experience amazing departmental stores, known for its international service offerings and merchandise. Myers aim at providing the highest standard of service and ensure the consistency to accomplish and exceed the shopping expectations (Myer 2016). Myers future dynamic vision is to being an international class retail business providing inspiration to everyone (Myer 2016). Underpinned a well-structured strategy, the company has been expanded their business in seventy five stores in Australia. However, there some issues have been identified within their workplace because clients have been less satisfied receiving the end service from their departmental stores. The researcher have identified that the company faced problem in the diversity management work culture into their workplace. Since the business has been concentrating to expand their ranges of products, employees are facing immense pressure from the upper management. Though the company visualizes providing best quality services to their consumers, Meyers has been struggling to diversify their work culture and thus deteriorates the employee-employers relationship. Key Strategic HR issues Since its inception, Myer has been delivered ranges of products and accomplishes maximum consumers expectations. To sustain the competitive retail position, the company incorporated the diversified culture within their workplace which emerges a lot of issues and major challenges related to discriminatory actions taken by the coworkers. The major issues are related to the strategic human resource management in relating to the HR decision making that make its strategic implementation so difficult. Some of the identified strategic human resources are as follows: Issues regarding the adapting to a rapidly changing worker profiles: Being the Australias biggest retailer, the consumer expectation is really high and this is the main driving force workers are working with handling huge pressure. While consumers in southern states had tightened their purse strings in recent months, Myer has found Queensland a strong spot for the company and expand their business in 2008 (Myer 2016). Since then the human resource department has shifted one workers profile to another for allocating employees to the companys diverse location. After these strategic decisions have implemented, the employee productivity has been reduced. Now the company has been facing challenges because many experienced employees are departing the workforce, leaving a leadership void. Understanding the subtleties of workers qualifications: Due to having a huge competition in the retail market, Myers instigates their employees to perform better and generate more consumer responses, however the ranges of skills that employees need to have not being updated by the provided educational systems of the company (Myer 2016). As the business expands and hire beyond borders, the human resource department of Myers was required to collaborate with other functions of the organization. Here the adequate management training sessions needs to be incorporated but not included by the management of Myers. Strategic vision and the ability to handle complexity were cited to be the most difficult skills to find among serious executives, managers of Myers (Bamberger, Biron and Meshoulam 2014). Retaining and engaging a challenging workforce: Mayer has a longstanding history of local community support and engagement, but the management is in concern because that long lasting support has been missing in the workers engagement activities. To accomplish the vision of the company, Myers has been extensively expanded their businesses and diversified products but failed to enhance employees benefit during the diversified business operation. Most of the employees complaints that HR of Myers failed to understand that employees are the most imperative part of their retail business. This results de-motivated employees and high rate of retention within the workplace. The most challenging part for the management of Myer is to retain those valuable employees and sustain the employees productivity. Aligning best practice technologies to global management strategy: Improved technology has been applied by the management to enhance competitive advantages in the market which definitely help to sustain the leading position in the market, however, this global management strategy raised many issues related to the operational filed of the management (Ulrich 2013). This has expanded the cross cultural diversity and communicational excellence within employees but the company has less potential labor market position which has limited access or non-adequate technological literacy (Shields et al.2015) Diversified team maintenance: Due to operating under diversified market, the organization promotes their products in the cross border or remote locations. However this has become challenging for the management of the organization to manage cross border teams. Furthermore, the organization realized that there are some obvious practice obstacles in running the virtual team. Human Resource Plan (12 months) To resolve the above mentioned key strategic issues of Myer, the company needs to develop a human resource plan for a specified period. The researcher has ensured that the planning will be served as a link between human resource management and the entire strategic plan of Myer. Here the researcher will strategically implement this plan by following key initiatives. The rationale will be justified the choices of the initiatives. Furthermore the research will evaluate the success measure after identifying its impacts on the employees. Key initiatives: As per the top management teams collective view the following strategic programs will be incorporated to address the identified HR issues: i) Performance Management: Rationale: Myer cant just hire employees to assume that they will do well. There are some specific guidelines, oversights and periodic reviews to let the human resource management know what he/she going to be achieved and to make sure they deliver their best performance. For this, Myer will development a performance management programs to enhance productivity, recognize the top performers, motivate employees for working hard (Storey 2014). However, this can be ensured by the HR department that such program must align with hiring and talent development plans. The following steps of Performance management are as follows: Step 1: Identifying the role-based competencies and behavior for every employees Step 2: Assess the performance improvement on monthly basis Step 3: Performance review by the upper management Step 4: Acknowledge the performance ii) Training and development: Rationale: Training and development initiatives need to be incorporated for employees which will enhance employee productivity, accelerated employee motivation, performance excellence and so on (Budhwar and Debrah 2013). Step 1: Access needs for training: The top management needs to identify the needs of the training program. Here the training module needs to be assessed on priority basis. This program must align with the organizational strategic objectives. Step 2: Set the firms objectives: At the employee level, the proposed training module needs to be matched with the areas of improvement. Step 3: Develop training action plan: Based on the learning theories, a comprehensive training action plan needs to be developed. Here the participants learning style must be assessed by the HR department. Step 4: Collect feedbacks: Once the training program complete, the company needs to collect feedbacks from the participants and record advises for the enhancement of the training program. iii) Promotion/Succession planning: Rationale: Succession planning is the efforts to enable the right people in the right place at the right time to get the desired results (Jiang et al. 2012). To enhance the employee effectiveness, the organization needs to initiate promotional or succession planning. This plan should be incorporated by monthly basis. However this plan would be successful if Myer provide stability in their leadership. This planning program consists with five steps: Step 1: Critical position identification: The projection data of workforce is significant to identify risk areas. Succession planning effort should be specified by identifying the risks of the organization. Step 2: Define competencies: A clear understanding of the employee capabilities needs to be assessed on frequent manner. This plan needs will assess the future competencies of each employees. This data gives the clear idea about the key responsibilities of the position and qualifications of the employees. Step 3: Strategies for effective succession planning: In this section, the critical position has been identified and this has been implied for competencies. Later the organization will chose the suitable HR strategies such as internal talent pools, on boarding, and recruitment to address succession planning. Step 4: Document and execute succession plan: After the identification of strategies, Myer will develop the action plan. This action plan provides a clear allocation of role, responsibilities of employees along with defining timelines for the same. Step 5: Employee effectiveness evaluation: This planning program must be evaluated systematically and Myer must evaluate the gathered data and make required adjustment. iv) Change management: Rationale: If Myer feel that the employee management plan needs to be developed freshly or to renovate to some extent then change management plan needs to be developed by the top most executives of Myer. This is suitable for the HRM because new demands or priorities may be incorporated in the change management plan (Bratton and Gold 2012). The following steps required to be followed: Step 1: Justify and identify the decision to change such as gap of the performance, new technologies and so on. Step 2: Identify the stakeholders support before the implementing this strategic decision Step 3: The change management plan must be developed by communicating with all stakeholders Step 4: Development of communication plan: Communicate with all employees, shareholders to develop better employee-employer relationship. v) System of Acknowledgment Rationale: Mayer needs to develop performance acknowledgement program to motivate employees. Method: Providing benefits like incentive, bonus, and yearly performance appraisal will be given to acknowledge key performers of the organization (Hoque 2013). This gives the motivation and encourages employee to perform better. This kind of efforts develops a long term relationship between employees and employers. vi) Manpower planning Rationale: Manpower planning or human resource planning consists of putting suitable people at the right places in the appropriate timeframe (Buller and McEvoy 2012). This is a significant aspect in order to maintain the industrialization. However, if such planning is carried out following the systematic procedure, then this program would be considered as an effective human resource management program. Step 1: Step the objectives of the manpower planning: By this process, Myer will fit the employees ability to the requirement of the organization. This plan may be developed for short term or long term basis. Step 2: Ascertain future manpower plan: The organization will estimate the organizational structure for the specific time. Step 3: Audit the human resources: Future human resource must be estimated to ascertain the present manpower supply of Myer. Step 4: Analysis of job: The organization will analyze the recorded details of training, qualifications, skills, abilities, past experiences and so on. vii) Recruitment Rationale: This is one of the vital steps for developing human resource plan. The fair, transparent recruitment process must be developed by the HRM of Myer. This will definitely accelerate the effectiveness of the employees within the workforce (Purce 2014). The management will give priority to the peoples skill, knowledge, previous experience and lastly the future potentiality. For this, Mayer will arrange face to face interview, psychometric test for assessing the ability of reasoning and decision making and so on. vii) Management of Information Rationale: Consumers have ever increasing expectations in terms of the quality, speed and other resources (Hill, Jones and Schilling 2014). Therefore, the recorded information and relevant data can help Myer to handle the complexities through achieving efficiency and cost savings, making the best use of assets and exploit opportunities or taking advantages. For all these reasons, Mayer needs to maintain management information for better control of the organization. The systematic process is as follows: Step1: Developing a data inventory to identify the types and location of the data of Myer Step2: Data will be secured to provide right and authentic information to their stakeholders Step 3: Classify and scheduling such recorded data will be maintained by retention policy. Step 4: The organization will provide clear guidelines for internal and external users of the organization to reduce the costs and risks. All these programs must be prioritized as per the requirement of Myer for the twelve months plan: Activity (Program) Priority Time frames Success measure Recruitment 1 For 12 months Transparent recruitment process accelerate employee productivity Manpower planning 2 Two plans for 6 months each Employees work satisfaction acquiring the right position System Acknowledgement 3 End of the last month of year Encourage and satisfy employees and motivates to work harder Change management 4 Once Provide employee a flexible work culture Performance Management 5 Makes effective recruitment process and suitable employees get employed Training and Development 6 Developed skills, knowledge which enhanced performances Succession planning 7 Once Enhance employee effectiveness (Source: Created by author) Conclusion This report has clearly discussed the importance of human resource management plan in an organization. The chosen company, Mayer has been struggling with some strategic HRM issues which can be resolved if the organization maintain a structured human resource programs. Such program must be developed by the top management people after assessing the requirement and expected benefits of employees. References: Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014. Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Bamberger, P.A., Biron, M. and Meshoulam, I., 2014. Human resource strategy: Formulation, implementation, and impact. Routledge. Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2012. Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Budhwar, P.S. and Debrah, Y.A. eds., 2013. Human resource management in developing countries. Routledge. Buller, P.F. and McEvoy, G.M., 2012. Strategy, human resource management and performance: Sharpening line of sight. Human resource management review, 22(1), pp.43-56. Hill, C., Jones, G. and Schilling, M., 2014. Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hoque, K., 2013. Human resource management in the hotel industry: Strategy, innovation and performance. Routledge. Jiang, K., Lepak, D.P., Hu, J. and Baer, J.C., 2012. How does human resource management influence organizational outcomes? A meta-analytic investigation of mediating mechanisms. Academy of management Journal, 55(6), pp.1264-1294. Myer. (2016). Myer. [online] Available at: https://www.myer.com.au/ [Accessed 31 May 2016]. Purce, J., 2014. The impact of corporate strategy on human resource management. New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals), 67. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., Johns, R., Robinson, J., O'Leary, P. and Plimmer, G., 2015. Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Storey, J., 2014. New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Ulrich, D., 2013. Human resource champions: The next agenda for adding value and delivering results. Harvard Business Press.